By Michael Denike, DO, Cardiologist, Heart & Vascular Specialists of Northwest Ohio

Cholesterol is often mentioned in conversations about health, especially heart health, but many people don’t fully understand what cholesterol is or why keeping an eye on it is so important. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every body cell. It is vital in producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help digest food. While the body needs some cholesterol to function properly, having too much in the blood can pose serious health risks.

The problem with high cholesterol is that it often presents no symptoms. Many people live for years with elevated cholesterol levels, unaware of the damage being done inside their bodies. Over time, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol—commonly called "bad" cholesterol—can build up in the walls of the arteries. This buildup, known as plaque, narrows the arteries and makes them less flexible, a condition called atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can result in a heart attack or stroke.

On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or "good" cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. A healthy balance between HDL and LDL is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health. Triglycerides, another type of fat in the blood, also play a role and are often measured alongside cholesterol. Elevated triglycerides can further increase the risk of heart disease.

Knowing your cholesterol numbers is a crucial step in managing your health and preventing heart disease, which remains the leading cause of death in the United States. A simple blood test known as a lipid panel can provide a snapshot of your cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. These numbers help healthcare providers assess your risk and determine appropriate next steps, including lifestyle changes or medication.

Understanding your cholesterol numbers empowers you to take control of your health. With this knowledge, you can make informed decisions about your diet, exercise and overall lifestyle. For instance, a diet high in saturated fats, trans fats and processed foods can significantly raise LDL cholesterol levels. Incorporating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help bring cholesterol into a healthier range. Regular physical activity, quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight can also positively impact.

Even if you feel healthy, routine cholesterol screenings should be part of your wellness plan. Risk factors such as age, family history, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure can all contribute to high cholesterol. Early detection can lead to early intervention, potentially preventing more serious conditions.

Ultimately, knowing your cholesterol numbers isn’t just about a test result—it’s about understanding what those results mean for your future. It’s about making proactive choices that support heart health and longevity. Regular checkups, open communication with your healthcare provider and a commitment to heart-healthy living are key elements in maintaining a strong and resilient cardiovascular system. Take the time to know your numbers because the more you know, the more power you have to protect your health.